{"id":4714,"date":"2026-02-03T09:57:04","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T09:57:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4714"},"modified":"2026-02-03T09:57:07","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T09:57:07","slug":"acid-copper-plating-in-pcb-manufacturing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/acid-copper-plating-in-pcb-manufacturing\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng axit trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng axit sunfuric \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n PCB. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng axit sunfuric \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean PCB. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc li\u00ean quan. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00fd sau n\u00e0y. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng axit sunfuric l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n PCB. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y l\u1edbn g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, t\u00f4i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Hy v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u1ea1 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c PCB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng axit ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1 th\u00f4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u1ed7 \u0103n m\u00f2n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ea1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u1ea1 th\u00f4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1edbp m\u1ea1 th\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1 qu\u00e1 cao. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 k\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra xem gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch b\u1ecb nh\u00e1m, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi x\u1ea3y ra. T\u00f4i t\u1eebng g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1nh. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng (ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng) qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t l\u1edbp ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u1ea3m d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, t\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n trong b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>T\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec1m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ee5i khoan nhi\u1ec1u (\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng hai m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1ef1a \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch) v\u00e0 khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc k\u00e9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng th\u00f4 r\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u0169ng g\u00e2y th\u00f4 r\u00e1p b\u00ean trong l\u1ed7. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4 r\u00e1p. C\u00e1c v\u1ebft b\u1ea9n nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1m tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p etching vi m\u00f4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh etching vi m\u00f4: Hydrogen peroxide ho\u1eb7c axit sunfuric \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh etching vi m\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m. Ho\u1eb7c ammonium persulfate (ho\u1eb7c sodium persulfate) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u00edt nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p CP. H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng cao trong b\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4 ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn tinh th\u1ec3 sunfat \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1eadm trong b\u1ec3. Dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes.webp\" alt=\"Roughness inside holes\" class=\"wp-image-4718\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Roughness-inside-holes-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 dung d\u1ecbch k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong b\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a th\u01b0\u1eddng do \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec k\u00e9m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, b\u01a1m l\u1ecdc h\u00fat kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng cao. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u01a1n ba n\u0103m), c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t keo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec3 gia t\u1ed1c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c axit floroboric. Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh trong <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/fr-4-pcb-guide-properties-limits-material-choices\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4641\">FR-4<\/a>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng silicat v\u00e0 canxi trong b\u1ec3 t\u1eafm. S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc h\u00f2a tan c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ec3 m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh. S\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ee5i. B\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t r\u1eafn l\u01a1 l\u1eedng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh, th\u00eam ho\u1eb7c thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, ho\u1eb7c l\u1ecdc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sau khi m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u1eef b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch trong b\u1ec3 axit lo\u00e3ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u. Gi\u1eef b\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. N\u1ebfu b\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee5c, h\u00e3y thay ngay. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong dung d\u1ecbch axit, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a. L\u1edbp oxit kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1eed ch\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n ch\u1ea3i m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n giao m\u1eabu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t nh\u1ecf. N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u1edbp kh\u00e1ng sau khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (l\u1edbp kh\u00e1ng m\u1ecfng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7) ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u sau khi chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sau khi chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c khu v\u1ef1c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u1eb7ng. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ecbch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t sao cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng axit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng axit v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng axit kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u00e2y ra h\u1ea1t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m sau: duy tr\u00ec th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u1ec3, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm:<\/strong> N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 axit sunfuric qu\u00e1 cao, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 cao. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, d\u1ea3i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong b\u1ec3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 cao, d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 k\u1eb9p ho\u1eb7c k\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1eb9p m\u1edf, b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o anot g\u00e2y h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n cao c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 ph\u1ed1t pho kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec quy tr\u00ecnh:<\/strong> Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ec3. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00fai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hydrogen peroxide \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0i m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4, gi\u00fap l\u1ed9 ra l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi. Ng\u00e2m t\u00fai \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean trong dung d\u1ecbch axit sunfuric + hydrogen peroxide, sau \u0111\u00f3 trong dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m v\u00e0 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00fai l\u1ecdc PP c\u00f3 khe h\u1edf t\u1eeb 5\u201310 micron.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u1ed7 m\u1ea1 (L\u1ed7 m\u1ea1 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu, x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1, m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 thi\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating.webp\" alt=\"Point-like Missed Plating\" class=\"wp-image-4717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Point-like-Missed-Plating-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c gi\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m palladium ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u1ecf xu\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n. Sau khi m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eabu:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ebft l\u00f5m. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m: tr\u1ee5c l\u0103n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c thanh h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m nh\u1ef1a, m\u00e1y s\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c dao kh\u00ed c\u00f3 d\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ee5i b\u00ean trong, vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i k\u00e9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00e9p laminate ho\u1eb7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi in l\u01b0\u1edbi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u00e9m trong dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, r\u1eeda n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m sau khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt ch\u1ee9a silicone g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1:<\/strong> D\u00f9 l\u00e0 cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng axit, \u0103n m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4 hay ti\u1ec1n ng\u00e2m, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a axit sunfuric. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc cao, b\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1ebfu k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tan ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng trong b\u1ec3, g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ed3ng axit:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn phun kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 khu\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed. B\u01a1m l\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u1eb1m g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn phun kh\u00ed, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng kh\u00ed nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c bong b\u00f3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00e0o b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh ngang ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec1n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5c b\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00f5i b\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u00f5i b\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ed1ng t\u0129nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng khu\u1ea5y kh\u00ed v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ecdt b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi. Ng\u00e2m l\u00f5i b\u00f4ng trong b\u1ec3 axit v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u00e0m tr\u1eafng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m tr\u1eafng b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng trong b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m h\u1eefu c\u01a1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 cao. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng axit th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu pH c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda l\u00e0 axit v\u00e0 t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh r\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n vi m\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Micro-etch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong b\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda k\u00e9m, th\u1eddi gian r\u1eeda qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m axit tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy h\u00f3a nh\u1eb9 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. V\u00ec b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh axit v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec7n khi v\u00e0o b\u1ec3, oxit kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi t\u00fai anot, \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a anot ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh passivation c\u1ee7a anot c\u0169ng g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"337\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line.webp\" alt=\"PCB electroplating production line\" class=\"wp-image-4716\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line.webp 337w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line-169x300.webp 169w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/PCB-electroplating-production-line-7x12.webp 7w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 337px) 100vw, 337px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gi\u1eef d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ea1 trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00fang. Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 gia trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eafm \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3 s\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sau m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 t\u00fai c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda v\u00e0 ng\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p (\u01b0u ti\u00ean lo\u1ea1i CP). Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p khi \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1ch in l\u01b0u tr\u1eef qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u sau khi m\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n. Gi\u1eef b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 thay n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1 khi n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gi\u1eef cho c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 lu\u00f4n trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t. Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1eb9p l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac h\u1edf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ng\u0103n b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm. V\u1ec7 sinh m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 dao kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i, h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sulfuric acid copper plating plays a very important role in PCB electroplating. The quality of acid copper plating directly affects [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4715,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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