{"id":4751,"date":"2026-03-03T09:46:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-03T09:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4751"},"modified":"2026-03-03T10:04:27","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T10:04:27","slug":"pcb-stackup-function-and-design-principles-translation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-stackup-function-and-design-principles-translation\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in \u0111a l\u1edbp (PCB) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean th\u00eam l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cho Bo m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao<\/a>, M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf hai l\u1edbp c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac PCB \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng (t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m (ng\u01b0\u1ee3c)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng. Xem H\u00ecnh 8-32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"8-32
L\u1edbp m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng 8-32<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. V\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng c\u1eaft. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u1eaft b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft. Xem H\u00ecnh 8-33.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
H\u00ecnh 8-33 L\u1edbp m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Protel, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia t\u00e1ch b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u201csplit\u201d. Trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Altium Designer 19<\/a>, B\u1ea1n chia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u00edm t\u1eaft \u201cPL\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chia kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn 15 mil ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Khi \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng sau khi chia, v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t \u0111a gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng\u201d, sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1ea5p \u0111\u00fap v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong \u0111a gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Xem H\u00ecnh 8-34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
H\u00ecnh 8-34 Nh\u1ea5p \u0111\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n m\u1ea1ng<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean trong b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1eb5n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1edbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Khi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t (c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c l\u1edbp tr\u1edf), c\u00e1c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5 s\u1eb5n. \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a PCB c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB \u0111a l\u1edbp, nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ea1ch, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMC). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 4 l\u1edbp, 6 l\u1edbp hay nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111a l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp (stackup selection). C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t EMC c\u1ee7a PCB. M\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec5u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb (EMI) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u00edt l\u1edbp c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1. T\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch, nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/a>, Vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. H\u1ecd t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1eb7p t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u vi sai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lo\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ly v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec5u. Sau b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp PCB th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00f3. H\u00ecnh 8-35 v\u00e0 8-36 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 4 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 6 l\u1edbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"Figure
H\u00ecnh 8-35 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 4 l\u1edbp<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"Figure
H\u00ecnh 8-36 C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 6 l\u1edbp<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

6. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Lo\u1ea1i x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n? H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y bi\u1ebfn m\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1eafn s\u00f3ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn song song li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u g\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng g\u1ea7n l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i qua c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ecb chia c\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong H\u00ecnh 8-35 v\u00e0 8-36. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) B\u1ea3ng 8-1 so s\u00e1nh \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 4 l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n<\/th>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ASCII)<\/th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 1<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 PWR01 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN02 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN03 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND04 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 che ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/td>(1) C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch nhau qu\u00e1 xa, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng qu\u00e1 cao tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n;(2) C\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c pad linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c;(3) L\u1edbp tham chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u1eafn nhi\u1ec5u mong \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 2<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR03 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN04 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp n\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t linh ki\u1ec7n, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p linh ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u00ean l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 3<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR02 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND03 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN04 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 2, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn tr\u00ean l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f9ng.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

(2) B\u1ea3ng 8-2 so s\u00e1nh \u01b0u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 6 l\u1edbp ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n<\/th>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng (Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ASCII)<\/th>\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 1<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN03 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN04 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR05 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 4 l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hai l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong, cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ea1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/td>(1) M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch nhau qu\u00e1 xa, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7;(2) C\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SIN03 v\u00e0 SIN04 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u1edbp b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1ch ly t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00e9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xen k\u1ebd.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 2<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN02 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND03 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR04 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN05 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/td>C\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch ly t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00e9m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o.<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 3<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN03 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND04 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR05 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>(1) M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n;(2) M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch ly hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o;(3) L\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u SIN03 n\u1eb1m li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi hai m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng b\u00ean trong (GND02 v\u00e0 PWR05), c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 SIN03 kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec5u t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o t\u1eeb SIN03 sang c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 4<\/strong><\/td>\u250c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2510 \u2502 SIN01 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND02 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR03 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 GND04 (\u0110\u1ea5t) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 PWR05 (Ngu\u1ed3n) \u2502 \u251c\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2524 \u2502 SIN06 (D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u) \u2502 \u2514\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2518<\/code><\/td>(1) M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n;(2) M\u1ed7i l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u1eb1m li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng ngu\u1ed3n\/\u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean trong, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch ly hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o.<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 4, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 3 v\u00e0 4 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1edbi m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 1 cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n 1, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m giao nhau gi\u1eefa hai l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5u ch\u00e9o (crosstalk) c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 8 l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trong H\u00ecnh 8-37. N\u00ean ch\u1ecdn t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn 1 ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn 2. T\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn 3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
H\u00ecnh 8-37: C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c bo m\u1ea1ch 8 l\u1edbp th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

7. Th\u00eam v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam c\u00e1c l\u1edbp trong Altium Designer? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ea1y l\u1ec7nh menu \u201cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u2192 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ed3ng l\u1edbp\u201d ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ea5n ph\u00edm t\u1eaft \u201cDK\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u1ed3ng l\u1edbp. C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 8-38.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ea5p chu\u1ed9t ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u201cCh\u00e8n l\u1edbp \u1edf tr\u00ean\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cCh\u00e8n l\u1edbp \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201cDi chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp l\u00ean\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cDi chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbp xu\u1ed1ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 th\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ea5p \u0111\u00fap v\u00e0o t\u00ean l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean n\u00f3. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u00e0 TOP, GND02, SIN03, SIN04, PWR05, BOTTOM, v.v. Altium Designer 19 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean \u201cch\u1eef c\u00e1i + s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp\u201d n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 l\u1edbp theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 20H c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ec7ch trong) c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m. [L\u01b0u \u00fd: V\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u201c20H.\u201d Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u201cOK\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 4 l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda trong H\u00ecnh 8-39.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Figure
H\u00ecnh 8-39 K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ebfp l\u1edbp b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch 4 l\u1edbp<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

8. Khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t xem c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 xem c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng \u00e2m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Definition and When to Add Layers For high-speed multilayer boards, a basic two-layer design often cannot meet the needs […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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