{"id":4765,"date":"2026-03-04T07:26:34","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T07:26:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4765"},"modified":"2026-03-04T07:26:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T07:26:37","slug":"preventing-caf-in-pcbs-causes-fixes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/preventing-caf-in-pcbs-causes-fixes\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba CAF trong PCB: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 C\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 PCB g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 d\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c microamp (\u00b5A). Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e3o h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1eabu th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c milliamp (mA).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn linh ki\u1ec7n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i 5 V. Khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1ee7, \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed1i n\u00e0y l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 0 V, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng 1,8 V.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn c\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB). \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 hai l\u1ed7 vias v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00ean t\u1edbi v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ohm. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch hai l\u1edbp. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c pad \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 6 mil. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 18 mil. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh khoan th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u201chi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng CAF\u201d g\u00e2y ra.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. CAF l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CAF l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Conductive Anodic Filamentation (hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ee3i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00ean trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ion \u0111\u1ed3ng di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n) d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c khe n\u1ee9t vi m\u00f4 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n). Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, sau khi m\u00e0i hai l\u1ed7 vias li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang d\u01b0\u1edbi k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i 100\u00d7, t\u1ea5m laminate c\u00f3 m\u00e0u t\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ed7 vias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"CAF\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a CAF (c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ea5m laminate PCB lo\u1ea1i FR4<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ec7t s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh th\u00e0nh v\u1ea3i, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea9m nh\u1ef1a epoxy v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1eafn b\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa nh\u1ef1a v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ef1a kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0o s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 khoan, l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o ti\u1ebfp tuy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 va \u0111\u1eadp theo tr\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng th\u00eam li\u00ean k\u1ebft nh\u1ef1a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c b\u00f3 s\u1ee3i v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh gi\u1eefa epoxy v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh s\u1ebd suy gi\u1ea3m nhanh h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t li\u00ean k\u1ebft silan tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1ecdc theo l\u1edbp gia c\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh, cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c electron.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu hai l\u1ed7 vias g\u1ea7n nhau c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p cao h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ion \u0111\u1ed3ng. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c ion \u0111\u1ed3ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ion t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5m laminate ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi ion OH\u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng tan, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ed7 vias c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ch\u00fang th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 g\u00e2y \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c \u00e2m (theo quan s\u00e1t):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu \u2192 Cu\u00b2\u207a + 2 e\u207b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u2082O \u2192 H\u207a + OH\u207b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ef1c \u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 H\u207a + 2 e\u207b \u2192 H\u2082<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u00b2\u207a + 2 OH\u207b \u2192 Cu(OH)\u2082<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu(OH)\u2082 \u2192 CuO + H\u2082O<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CuO + H\u2082O \u2192 Cu(OH)\u2082 \u2192 Cu\u00b2\u207a + 2 OH\u207b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u00b2\u207a + 2 e\u207b \u2192 Cu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng CAF, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ed7 d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n. Sau khi tra c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng CAF \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady trong ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. C\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u CAF<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i CAF c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n PCB, c\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 tinh khi\u1ebft ion c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ef1a th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh khoan ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o l\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng laser. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh khoan ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng laser c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 cao. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n pha (Tg) c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch, nh\u1ef1a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m. C\u1eb7n b\u00e1m tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac k\u00e9m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ea1. L\u01b0u \u00fd: Vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e2m trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u1eb7n b\u00e1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00f2n c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u1ea3y ra d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u0103ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 th\u00f4ng trong Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in (PCB)<\/a>. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn CAF th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u00f3 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 vias li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 theo ki\u1ec3u xen k\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c l\u1ec7ch nhau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro CAF.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCBA. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00fang th\u1ed5i kh\u00ed \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCBA \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n h\u01a1i \u1ea9m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3ng \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. Recent PCB Leakage Issue Overview We recently faced a PCB leakage issue. The product is low-power. The whole device 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