{"id":4769,"date":"2026-03-04T09:39:03","date_gmt":"2026-03-04T09:39:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4769"},"modified":"2026-03-04T09:39:07","modified_gmt":"2026-03-04T09:39:07","slug":"rohs-compliance-for-pcbs-materials-processes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/rohs-compliance-for-pcbs-materials-processes\/","title":{"rendered":"Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 RoHS cho PCB: V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Quy tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Li\u00ean minh Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ban h\u00e0nh quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec\u201d v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 2003, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2006, c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a EU v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed (WEEE) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i (RoHS) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen t\u1eeb Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0110i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Th\u00f4ng tin Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (JEITA) v\u00e0 Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0110i\u1ec7n Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 (NEMA) cho ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf \u0111i, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, cadmium, cr\u00f4m hexavalent, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a biphenyl brom h\u00f3a (PBB) ho\u1eb7c ether biphenyl brom h\u00f3a (PBDE) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p li\u00ean quan, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00e0nh PCB. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng SMT, c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m PCB th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, cadmium v\u00e0 cr\u00f4m hexavalent h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p PCB. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd \u01b0\u1edbt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec (Pb) v\u00e0 halogen d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec (d\u01b0\u1edbi 0.1% Pb). PCB truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/pcb-assembly\/smt-assembly\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1923\">SMT <\/a>C\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec-thi\u1ebfc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 HASL v\u00e0 b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n. Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Khi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c an to\u00e0n, c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u, thi\u1ebfu canxi v\u00e0 suy gi\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 T\u1ea1i sao n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec trong h\u00e0n: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec trong h\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy m\u00f4, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 thu h\u1ed3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00ec. Trong PCB, c\u00e1c halogen (flo F, clo Cl, brom Br, i\u1ed1t I) ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp laminate v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bao g\u1ed3m ba nh\u00f3m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n (laminate), c\u00e1c l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2.1 V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i laminate th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/fr-4-pcb-guide-properties-limits-material-choices\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"4641\">FR-4<\/a> V\u00e0 CEM-3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ef1a epoxy brom h\u00f3a. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ef1a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m tetrabromobisphenol A, biphenyl brom h\u00f3a \u0111a v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 diphenyl ether brom h\u00f3a \u0111a v\u00f2ng. Khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u00e1y, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cao nh\u01b0 dioxin (TCDD) v\u00e0 furan. N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Do \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea5m laminate ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clo v\u00e0 brom \u0111\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 0,09%. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a epoxy ch\u1ee9a ph\u1ed1t pho \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf nh\u1ef1a epoxy brom h\u00f3a. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ef1a phenolic ch\u1ee9a nit\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c dicyandiamide truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Halogen-free-substrate.webp\" alt=\"Halogen-free substrate\" class=\"wp-image-4771\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Halogen-free-substrate.webp 800w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Halogen-free-substrate-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Halogen-free-substrate-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Halogen-free-substrate-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i laminate th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t cao. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3 h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i SMT kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 260 \u00b0C m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0u, bong tr\u00f3c, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c cong v\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2.2 L\u1edbp kim lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng HASL kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c thi\u1ebfc\u2013b\u1ea1c\u2013\u0111\u1ed3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 95,5Sn\u20133,9Ag\u20130,6Cu) thay v\u00ec h\u1ee3p kim ch\u00ec\u2013thi\u1ebfc. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t PCB kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5m \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y t\u1ed1t. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng oxy h\u00f3a \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng SMT kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec. Ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho HASL c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n SMT \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2.3 M\u1ef1c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ef1c in tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ef1c in l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n, m\u1ef1c in k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 m\u1ef1c in l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7 via. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c m\u1ef1c in t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c laminate. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ef1a, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y brom h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m c\u1ee9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u m\u1ef1c in hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c in kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ef1c in ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 h\u00e0n SMT kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. M\u1ef1c in kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bong tr\u00f3c, phai m\u00e0u, bong v\u1ea3y ho\u1eb7c n\u1ee9t sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2.4 Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e2u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu thanh h\u00e0n ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn th\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u1ed3i thi\u1ebfc tinh khi\u1ebft, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u cho nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 in nh\u00e3n \u201cxanh\u201d \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t tr\u00ean bao b\u00ec b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Green-label.webp\" alt=\"Green label\" class=\"wp-image-4770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Green-label.webp 500w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Green-label-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Green-label-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Green-label-12x12.webp 12w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong kho v\u00e0 tr\u00ean khu v\u1ef1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eam ch\u00fang v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn \u201cnh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p xanh \u0111\u1ea1t chu\u1ea9n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec cho PCB bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec7n Ni\/Au, m\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7n Ni\/m\u1ea1 ng\u00e2m Au, OSP (ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n h\u1eefu c\u01a1), m\u1ea1 ng\u00e2m thi\u1ebfc (thi\u1ebfc h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc) v\u00e0 m\u1ea1 ng\u00e2m b\u1ea1c (b\u1ea1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 C\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau: thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2192 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u2192 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u2192 mua s\u1eafm v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u2192 tri\u1ec3n khai d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 Tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.1 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CAM k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (PCB) ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd sau SMT v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a PCB sau khi l\u1eafp r\u00e1p. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c CAM ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc SMT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1eabu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng pad):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 pad \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u00e0n ch\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eadp ch\u00e2n QFP trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n s\u00f3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nghi\u00eang c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n QFP v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng h\u00e0n gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chip tan ch\u1ea3y m\u1ec1m, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1eb7t c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00e0ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh trong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba cong v\u00eanh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec9nh ch\u1ea3y m\u1ec1m trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u1eb7ng, h\u00e3y chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u1edf gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cong v\u00eanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n m\u1ecfng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m v\u00e1n c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh c\u1eaft d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb cong v\u00eanh d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ec1m. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.2 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (MI). Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1eef k\u00fd x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n d\u00e1n d\u1ec5 nh\u00ecn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ef1c in ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n SMT kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec1n x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh HASL ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0n SMT kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec, m\u1ef1c in c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bong tr\u00f3c \u1edf vi\u1ec1n l\u1ed7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. D\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m gi\u00e3n n\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u00e1ch m\u1ef1c in kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam dung m\u00f4i l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ef1c ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng bay h\u01a1i nhanh c\u1ee7a dung m\u00f4i trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng l\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1eef h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong n\u1ed3i h\u00e0n HASL d\u01b0\u1edbi 0.85%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.3 \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c PCB th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n. Th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: -40 \u00b0C \/ 85 \u00b0C \/ 125 \u00b0C. Sau 3000 chu k\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 r\u1ed7ng do co ng\u00f3t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7t \u1ea9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n: 60 \u00b0C v\u00e0 90\u201395% RH trong 500 gi\u1edd. Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m cao k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m d\u1ea1ng s\u1ee3i kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. M\u1ea1ch in th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eafp r\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 SMT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a SMT kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao h\u01a1n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0\u1edbt k\u00e9m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb oxy h\u00f3a h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1.1 Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT kho\u1ea3ng 1,2\u20131,8 m\/ph\u00fat. \u0110\u1eb7t g\u00f3c nghi\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u0103ng t\u1ea3i t\u1eeb 3\u20135 \u0111\u1ed9. Cung c\u1ea5p b\u00f9 nhi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 khu v\u1ef1c SMT duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m t\u1ed1t, h\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea1m vi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u1ed3i h\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o, trong khi m\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t kho\u1ea3ng 250 \u00b0C. Gi\u1ea3m kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t gia nhi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 55 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n Sn\u2013Ag\u2013Cu, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u00f3ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1.2 H\u00e0n l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng tay<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y h\u00e0n ch\u00ec kho\u1ea3ng 370 \u00b1 10 \u00b0C. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0n m\u1ea1 cr\u00f4m. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y h\u00e0n ch\u00ec 80 W cho th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 3 gi\u00e2y. L\u00e0m n\u00f3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn 50\u201360 \u00b0C. N\u1ebfu m\u00e1y h\u00e0n ch\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0n. Nh\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0n v\u00e0o ch\u00ec h\u00e0n m\u1edbi, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1.3 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 nit\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00e1m d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ec c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec \u00edt b\u00f3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc do ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao trong c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2.1 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1ea5p d\u01b0\u1edbi 125 \u00b0C nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2.2 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (gia nhi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c RF) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 240\u2013260 \u00b0C. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong h\u01a1n 40 gi\u00e2y. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gia nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m laser, \u0111\u00e8n xenon (kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac), thanh gia nhi\u1ec7t n\u00f3ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 gia nhi\u1ec7t xung (ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2.3 Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 <a href=\"https:\/\/ja.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_14000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ISO 14000<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec v\u00e0 halogen, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu h\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf kho\u1ea3ng 90% ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2.4 S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng m\u1ed1i cho PCB khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2.5 Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n PCB h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00f3m t\u1eaft cho k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 (COA). X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng halogen v\u00e0 ch\u00ec n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p COA \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u00e1n nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e9o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc CAD v\u00e0 CAM cho quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc pad v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 m\u1edf c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 h\u00e0n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00e0n, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t, th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m chu k\u1ef3 nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m. Theo d\u00f5i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec3 HASL v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh m\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n s\u1ea5y tr\u00ean d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n SMT ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nit\u01a1 khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 nung kh\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00f2 s\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u1ea9m khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00eam kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m tra nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n xanh. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 RoHS v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o d\u1ee1 v\u00e0 thu h\u1ed3i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. L\u01b0u \u00fd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh RoHS kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 chu\u1ed7i cung \u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 l\u1eafp r\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CAM. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 RoHS v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Since the European Union formally legislated &#8220;lead-free&#8221; in December 2003, the global electronics industry felt a strong impact. By July [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4773,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[311,305,313,308,309,304,310,307,53,120,303,306,314,41,312],"class_list":["post-4769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-pcb-manufacturers","tag-environmental-compliance","tag-halogen-free","tag-halogen-free-laminate","tag-hasl","tag-immersion-silver","tag-lead-free","tag-lead-free-solder","tag-osp","tag-pcb-manufacturing","tag-pcb-materials","tag-rohs","tag-rohs-compliance","tag-rohs-testing","tag-smt","tag-solderability"],"spectra_custom_meta":{"_edit_lock":["1772617953:1"],"rank_math_internal_links_processed":["1"],"rank_math_primary_category":["30"],"rank_math_seo_score":["29"],"rank_math_title":["%title%"],"rank_math_contentai_score":["a:5:{s:8:\"keywords\";s:5:\"74.51\";s:9:\"wordCount\";s:1:\"0\";s:9:\"linkCount\";s:1:\"0\";s:12:\"headingCount\";s:1:\"0\";s:10:\"mediaCount\";s:1:\"0\";}"],"_thumbnail_id":["4773"],"_uag_custom_page_level_css":[""],"site-sidebar-layout":["default"],"site-content-layout":[""],"ast-site-content-layout":["default"],"site-content-style":["default"],"site-sidebar-style":["default"],"ast-global-header-display":[""],"ast-banner-title-visibility":[""],"ast-main-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-above-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-below-header-display":[""],"ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":[""],"site-post-title":[""],"ast-breadcrumbs-content":[""],"ast-featured-img":[""],"footer-sml-layout":[""],"theme-transparent-header-meta":[""],"adv-header-id-meta":[""],"stick-header-meta":[""],"header-above-stick-meta":[""],"header-main-stick-meta":[""],"header-below-stick-meta":[""],"astra-migrate-meta-layouts":["default"],"ast-page-background-enabled":["default"],"ast-page-background-meta":["a:3:{s:7:\"desktop\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-5)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"tablet\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"mobile\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"ast-content-background-meta":["a:3:{s:7:\"desktop\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"tablet\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}s:6:\"mobile\";a:12:{s:16:\"background-color\";s:25:\"var(--ast-global-color-4)\";s:16:\"background-image\";s:0:\"\";s:17:\"background-repeat\";s:6:\"repeat\";s:19:\"background-position\";s:13:\"center center\";s:15:\"background-size\";s:4:\"auto\";s:21:\"background-attachment\";s:6:\"scroll\";s:15:\"background-type\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"background-media\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"overlay-type\";s:0:\"\";s:13:\"overlay-color\";s:0:\"\";s:15:\"overlay-opacity\";s:0:\"\";s:16:\"overlay-gradient\";s:0:\"\";}}"],"footnotes":[""],"_elementor_edit_mode":[""],"_elementor_template_type":[""],"_elementor_data":[""],"_elementor_conditions":["a:0:{}"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_uag_page_assets":["a:9:{s:3:\"css\";s:30185:\".uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}}\n.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap,.uagb-social-share__wrap{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap,.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-social-share__wrap{flex-direction:column}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:first-child{margin-top:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:last-child{margin-bottom:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap a.uagb-button__link:focus{box-shadow:none}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__wrapper{padding:0;margin-left:5px;margin-right:5px;transition:all 0.2s;display:inline-flex;text-align:center}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-wrap{display:inline-block}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__link{color:#3a3a3a;display:inline-table;line-height:0;cursor:pointer}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-icon{font-size:40px;width:40px;height:40px}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap .uagb-ss__source-image{width:40px}@media (max-width: 976px){.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:first-child{margin-left:0 !important}.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child.uagb-ss-repeater.uagb-ss__wrapper:last-child{margin-right:0 !important}\n.wp-block-uagb-social-share .uagb-social-share__wrapper{text-decoration:none}.uagb-social-share__wrapper{box-shadow:none}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap:not(.uagb-social-share__no-label) .uagb-social-share__source-wrap{margin-right:15px}.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap.uagb-social-share__icon-at-top .uagb-social-share__source-wrap{-ms-flex-item-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;margin-top:5px}\n.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3a3a3a;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__link{padding: 10px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__link{padding: 10px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .wp-block-uagb-social-share-child {border-radius: 0px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-wrap{width: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-wrap svg{width: 30px;height: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-image{width: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124 .uagb-ss__source-icon{width: 30px;height: 30px;font-size: 30px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-44317091.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #3b5998;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #55acee;}.uagb-block-df693e43.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #55acee;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-e0123642.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #bd081c;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link{color: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link{color: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater span.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #0077b5;}.uagb-block-23521e42.uagb-ss-repeater a.uagb-ss__link svg{fill: #0077b5;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-vertical .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__layout-horizontal .uagb-ss__wrapper{margin-left: 5px;margin-right: 5px;}.uagb-block-015f0124.uagb-social-share__outer-wrap{justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: center;-ms-flex-align: center;align-items: center;}}.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap a.uagb-cta__block-link span,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta-typeof-button,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link,.uagb-cta__outer-wrap .uagb-cta-with-svg{display:inline-block}.uagb-cta__outer-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__buttons{display:inline-flex}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .ast-outline-button{fill:currentColor;justify-content:center}.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta-second__button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;word-break:keep-all;width:100%}.uagb-cta__title{padding:0;margin:0;display:block}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:right}.uagb-cta__link-wrapper.uagb-cta__block-link-style:empty{display:none}a.uagb-cta__block-link,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link,a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap{text-decoration:none}a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover,a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap:hover,.entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap:hover .entry .entry-content a.uagb-cta__block-link:hover{color:inherit}.uagb-cta__content-right{text-align:right;justify-content:flex-end}.uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{width:100%;word-break:break-word}.uagb-cta__icon-position-below-title .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:block;min-width:100%;width:100%}.uagb-cta__icon-position-left .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap,.uagb-cta__icon-position-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:flex}.uagb-cta__icon-position-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{justify-content:flex-end}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon-after{margin-left:5px;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon-before{margin-left:0;margin-right:5px}.uagb-cta__block-link-icon,.uagb-cta__block svg{transition:all 200ms linear}.uagb-cta__block{position:relative}.uagb-cta-typeof-button{line-height:1;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta-second__button .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link,.uagb-cta__content-right.uagb-cta__button-valign-middle .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{display:flex;align-items:center}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper,.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta-second__button .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link{justify-content:center}.uagb-cta__link-wrapper a{box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none}.uagb-cta__block,.uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{z-index:1}.uagb-cta__block-link{cursor:pointer}.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__block-link{float:right;padding:10px 14px}a.uagb-cta__block-link-wrap{color:inherit}.uagb-cta__content p:empty{display:none}.uagb-cta__button-type-none .uagb-cta__content{width:100%}.uagb-cta-with-svg{height:14px;width:14px;line-height:14px;vertical-align:middle}.uagb-cta__block svg{display:block;height:inherit;width:inherit}.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper svg{width:20px;height:20px}.uagb-cta__align-button-after{margin-left:5px}.uagb-cta__align-button-before{margin-right:5px}.uagb-cta__block-link i{font-style:normal}a.uagb-cta__link-to-all{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:11}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action{position:relative}.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__link-to-all{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:11}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px){.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:none;margin:0 auto}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width:100% !important}}@media screen and (max-width: 767px){.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap{flex-direction:column;text-align:center}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__button-wrapper{float:none;margin:0 auto}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content,.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile.uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width:100% !important}}.uagb-cta__desc p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}\n#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__title{margin-bottom: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action .uagb-cta__desc{margin-bottom: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__align-button-after{margin-left: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__align-button-before{margin-right: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper > svg{margin-left: 10px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta-second__button > svg{margin-left: 10px;font-size: 14px;width: 14px;height: 14px;line-height: 14px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-wrap{text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 70%;text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action{text-align: left;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{margin-left: 0px;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__buttons{column-gap: 15px;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {display: flex;justify-content: space-between;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__content{width: 70%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper {align-self: center;height: fit-content;margin-left: auto;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action  {flex-direction: row;align-items: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button{align-self: center;height: fit-content;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button:hover{background-color: !important;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button a.uagb-cta-second__button:focus{background-color: !important;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__button-wrapper a.uagb-cta-typeof-button{color: #333;border-style: solid;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.wp-block-button .uagb-cta__buttons a.uagb-cta__button-link-wrapper.wp-block-button__link{border-style: solid;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action a.uagb-cta-second__button{text-transform: normal;text-decoration: none;font-size: 14px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet {display: inherit;}#uagb-cta-block-.uagb-cta__content-stacked-tablet .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 100%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{text-align: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {flex-direction: column;align-items: center;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile {display: inherit;}#uagb-cta-block-.uagb-cta__content-stacked-mobile .uagb-cta__wrap{width: 100%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__buttons{justify-content: center;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__content-right .uagb-cta__left-right-wrap .uagb-cta__link-wrapper{width: 30%;}#uagb-cta-block- .uagb-cta__wrap{text-align: center;}#uagb-cta-block-.wp-block-uagb-call-to-action {flex-direction: column;align-items: center;}}.uagb-icon-list__wrap{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:flex-start}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{padding:0;transition:all 0.2s;display:inline-flex;color:#3a3a3a;align-items:center;text-decoration:none;box-shadow:none}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child span.uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{display:block;align-items:center}.uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{display:block}.uagb-icon-list__source-image{width:40px}.uagb-icon-list__outer-wrap .uagb-icon-list__content-wrap{color:#3a3a3a;display:flex;align-items:center}\n.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{position:relative}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child>a{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%}img.uagb-icon-list__source-image{max-width:unset}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__label{word-break:break-word}\n.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{padding: 0px;border-radius: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__label{text-decoration: !important;line-height: em;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__label{text-align: left;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{text-decoration: !important;line-height: em;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{margin-right: 15px;}.uagb-block-ddf54d80.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-ddf54d80.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-b45e4180.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-b45e4180.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-6962245c.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}.uagb-block-6962245c.wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child:hover .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{background:  !important;border-color:  !important;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap {padding: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__source-image{width: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap svg{width: 16px;height: 16px;font-size: 16px;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child .uagb-icon-list__source-wrap{padding: 0px;border-width: 0px;align-self: center;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a .uagb-icon-list__wrap{display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-pack: center;-ms-flex-pack: center;-webkit-box-align: flex-start;-ms-flex-align: flex-start;align-items: flex-start;}.wp-block-uagb-icon-list.uagb-block-f606f41a.wp-block-uagb-icon-list .wp-block-uagb-icon-list-child{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;margin-bottom: 10px;}}.wp-block-uagb-container{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;transition-property:box-shadow;transition-duration:0.2s;transition-timing-function:ease}.wp-block-uagb-container .spectra-container-link-overlay{bottom:0;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:10}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:flex;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-blockquote,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-login,.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-spectra-pro-register{margin:unset}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap{height:100%;width:100%;top:0;left:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:opacity 1s;-o-transition:opacity 1s;transition:opacity 1s}.wp-block-uagb-container .uagb-container__video-wrap video{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:100%;margin:0;line-height:1;border:none;display:inline-block;vertical-align:baseline;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;background-size:cover}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid{display:grid;width:100%}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;width:inherit}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.uagb-is-root-container>.wp-block-uagb-container{max-width:unset !important;width:unset !important}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignwide.uagb-is-root-container{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-layout-grid.alignfull.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{display:inherit;position:relative;box-sizing:border-box;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important}body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-info-box),body .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap,body .wp-block-uagb-container>*:not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-column):not(.wp-block-uagb-container):not(.wp-block-uagb-section):not(.uagb-container__shape):not(.uagb-container__video-wrap):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-register):not(.wp-block-spectra-pro-login):not(.uagb-slider-container):not(.spectra-container-link-overlay):not(.spectra-image-gallery__control-lightbox):not(.wp-block-uagb-lottie):not(.uagb-faq__outer-wrap){min-width:unset !important;width:100%;position:relative}body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>.wp-block-uagb-container ol,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap>ul,body .ast-container .wp-block-uagb-container>.uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap ol{max-width:-webkit-fill-available;margin-block-start:0;margin-block-end:0;margin-left:20px}.ast-plain-container .editor-styles-wrapper .block-editor-block-list__layout.is-root-container .uagb-is-root-container.wp-block-uagb-container.alignwide{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.uagb-container__shape{overflow:hidden;position:absolute;left:0;width:100%;line-height:0;direction:ltr}.uagb-container__shape-top{top:-3px}.uagb-container__shape-bottom{bottom:-3px}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-bottom,.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__invert.uagb-container__shape-top{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-flip svg{transform:translateX(-50%) rotateY(180deg)}.uagb-container__shape svg{display:block;width:-webkit-calc(100% + 1.3px);width:calc(100% + 1.3px);position:relative;left:50%;-webkit-transform:translateX(-50%);-ms-transform:translateX(-50%);transform:translateX(-50%)}.uagb-container__shape .uagb-container__shape-fill{-webkit-transform-origin:center;-ms-transform-origin:center;transform-origin:center;-webkit-transform:rotateY(0deg);transform:rotateY(0deg)}.uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-above-content{z-index:9;pointer-events:none}.nv-single-page-wrap .nv-content-wrap.entry-content .wp-block-uagb-container.alignfull{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw)}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px){.wp-block-uagb-container .wp-block-uagb-advanced-heading{width:-webkit-fill-available}}.wp-block-uagb-image--align-none{justify-content:center}\n.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1200px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{box-shadow: 0px 0px   #00000070 ;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-color: inherit;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1024px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-845e6da6{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-845e6da6 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 767px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-wrap: wrap;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-845e6da6{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}.wp-block-uagb-icon svg{width:30px}.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{transition:box-shadow 0.2s ease}\n .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper{text-align: center;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper a{display: contents;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper svg{width: 40px;height: 40px;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: content-box;fill: #333;filter: drop-shadow( 0px 0px 0px #00000070 );} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-style: default;box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:hover{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:focus-visible{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) { .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .uagb-block-2b67c985.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper{text-align: center;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper a{display: contents;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper svg{width: 40px;height: 40px;transform: rotate(0deg);box-sizing: content-box;fill: #333;filter: drop-shadow( 0px 0px 0px #00000070 );} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;padding-top: 5px;padding-right: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;padding-left: 5px;border-style: default;box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:hover{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;} .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper:focus-visible{box-shadow: 0px 0px 0 #00000070 ;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) { .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) { .uagb-block-3c223d05.uagb-icon-wrapper .uagb-svg-wrapper{display: inline-flex;}}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape-top svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-top .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape-bottom svg{width: calc( 100% + 1.3px );}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__shape.uagb-container__shape-bottom .uagb-container__shape-fill{fill: rgba(51,51,51,1);}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 .uagb-container__video-wrap video{opacity: 1;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1200px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-direction: column;align-items: center;justify-content: center;flex-wrap: nowrap;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{box-shadow: 0px 0px   #00000070 ;padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;overflow: visible;order: initial;border-color: inherit;row-gap: 20px;column-gap: 20px;}@media only screen and (max-width: 976px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 1024px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}@media only screen and (max-width: 767px) {.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container .uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{max-width: 100%;width: 100%;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-is-root-container.alignfull.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1 > .uagb-container-inner-blocks-wrap{--inner-content-custom-width: min( 100%, 767px);max-width: var(--inner-content-custom-width);width: 100%;flex-wrap: wrap;}.wp-block-uagb-container.uagb-block-e5b2e3b1{padding-top: 10px;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-left: 10px;padding-right: 10px;margin-top:  !important;margin-bottom:  !important;order: initial;}}\";s:2:\"js\";s:2023:\"document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function(){ var ssLinksParent = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-015f0124' );\nssLinksParent?.addEventListener( 'keyup', function ( e ) {\nvar link = e.target.closest( '.uagb-ss__link' );\nif ( link && e.keyCode === 13 ) {\n\thandleSocialLinkClick( link );\n}\n});\n\nssLinksParent?.addEventListener( 'click', function ( e ) {\nvar link = e.target.closest( '.uagb-ss__link' );\nif ( link ) {\n\thandleSocialLinkClick( link );\n}\n});\n\nfunction handleSocialLinkClick( link ) {\nvar social_url = link.dataset.href;\nvar target = \"\";\nif ( social_url == \"mailto:?body=\" ) {\n\ttarget = \"_self\";\n}\nvar request_url = \"\";\nif ( social_url.indexOf(\"\/pin\/create\/link\/?url=\") !== -1 ) {\n\trequest_url = social_url + encodeURIComponent( window.location.href ) + \"&media=\" + 'https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs.webp';\n} else {\n\trequest_url = social_url + encodeURIComponent( window.location.href );\n}\nwindow.open( request_url, target );\n}\n\t\t\t\twindow.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst blockScope = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-2b67c985' );\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( ! blockScope ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tconst anchorElement = blockScope.querySelector('a');\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!anchorElement) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t} \n\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tblockScope.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( 13 === event.keyCode || 32 === event.keyCode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanchorElement.click();\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\twindow.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', () => {\n\t\t\t\t\tconst blockScope = document.querySelector( '.uagb-block-3c223d05' );\n\t\t\t\t\tif ( ! blockScope ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t\t\t\tconst anchorElement = blockScope.querySelector('a');\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!anchorElement) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treturn;\n\t\t\t\t\t} \n\n\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tblockScope.addEventListener('keydown', (event) => {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tif ( 13 === event.keyCode || 32 === event.keyCode ) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tevent.preventDefault();\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tanchorElement.click();\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t\t} );\n\t\t\t });\";s:18:\"current_block_list\";a:19:{i:0;s:14:\"core\/paragraph\";i:1;s:12:\"core\/heading\";i:2;s:10:\"core\/image\";i:3;s:11:\"core\/search\";i:4;s:10:\"core\/group\";i:5;s:17:\"core\/latest-posts\";i:6;s:20:\"core\/latest-comments\";i:7;s:13:\"core\/archives\";i:8;s:15:\"core\/categories\";i:9;s:10:\"core\/embed\";i:10;s:17:\"uagb\/social-share\";i:11;s:23:\"uagb\/social-share-child\";i:12;s:19:\"uagb\/call-to-action\";i:13;s:14:\"uagb\/icon-list\";i:14;s:20:\"uagb\/icon-list-child\";i:15;s:14:\"uagb\/container\";i:16;s:9:\"uagb\/icon\";i:17;s:17:\"core\/social-links\";i:18;s:16:\"core\/social-link\";}s:8:\"uag_flag\";b:1;s:11:\"uag_version\";s:10:\"1776063796\";s:6:\"gfonts\";a:0:{}s:10:\"gfonts_url\";s:0:\"\";s:12:\"gfonts_files\";a:0:{}s:14:\"uag_faq_layout\";b:0;}"],"_elementor_page_assets":["a:0:{}"],"_uag_css_file_name":["uag-css-4769.css"],"_uag_js_file_name":["uag-js-4769.js"]},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs.webp",800,533,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs-150x150.webp",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs-300x200.webp",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs-768x512.webp",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs.webp",800,533,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs.webp",800,533,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs.webp",800,533,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/RoHS-Compliance-for-PCBs-18x12.webp",18,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Philifast","author_link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/author\/2475017442jygmail-com\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Since the European Union formally legislated &#8220;lead-free&#8221; in December 2003, the global electronics industry felt a strong impact. By July [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4769"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4774,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4769\/revisions\/4774"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}