{"id":4967,"date":"2026-05-25T08:17:53","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4967"},"modified":"2026-05-25T08:25:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T08:25:01","slug":"fr4-vs-high-speed-pcb-materials","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/fr4-vs-high-speed-pcb-materials\/","title":{"rendered":"FR-4 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao kh\u00f4ng?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ai trong ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ebfp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00f4i t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf PCB t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea1ch cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Nh\u01b0ng sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao <\/a>b\u1ea3n m\u1eabu n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FR-4<\/a> ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ct\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao\u201d d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean 50 MHz. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong d\u1ea3i t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao \u0111\u1ec3 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i khi di chuy\u1ec3n qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn, v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n th\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"High-Speed<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

FR-4: \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb khi t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in, FR-4 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB. H\u1ed3i t\u00f4i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 \u201cFR-4\u201d, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u1eeb v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng. FR-4 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i laminate epoxy gia c\u1ed1 s\u1ee3i th\u1ee7y tinh ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y lo\u1ea1i 4. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u1ec1n trong c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o PCB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"fr-4\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a FR-4 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n khi c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t, \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng qu\u00e1 cao. N\u1ebfu b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a FR-4 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd suy gi\u1ea3m, v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi FR-4 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i c\u1ee7a FR-4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 cao tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch FR-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao so v\u1edbi FR-4<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u00f9ng cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 hydrocacbon nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn v\u00e0 T\u1ea5m gh\u00e9p PTFE<\/a>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi FR-4 trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf sau, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. M\u1ea5t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00edt h\u01a1n.<\/strong>\u00a0Khi t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng suy hao t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi FR-4, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i laminate PTFE g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 tinh khi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau t\u00e1n th\u1ea5p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u suy hao t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n.<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PCB truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 FR-4, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i (Dk) t\u1ed1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng cho b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Dk c\u1ee7a FR-4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng +\/- 10% ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n, trong khi c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 PTFE duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 dung sai Dk \u1edf m\u1ee9c +\/- 2% ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/strong>\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m laminate hydrocacbon nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi FR-4. N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0m b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00fat \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1i \u1ea9m th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi FR-4 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea9m g\u1ea7n 50%, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u PTFE c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 2%, do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc cao h\u01a1n.<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch in m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 dung sai ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf n\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 FR-4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao cung c\u1ea5p. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u composite hydrocacbon nhi\u1ec7t r\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    When we take on a project that is outside our comfort zone, we have all been there at one time 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