{"id":4989,"date":"2026-06-01T09:07:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T09:07:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/?p=4989"},"modified":"2026-06-01T09:07:17","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T09:07:17","slug":"what-is-a-truly-halogen-free-pcb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/flj-pcb.com\/vi\/what-is-a-truly-halogen-free-pcb\/","title":{"rendered":"PCB th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"

IEC \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u201cb\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen\u201d l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a halogen \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i \u0111a cho ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u201cb\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen\u201d, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng halogen t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n xem x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t halogen trong PCB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng halogen c\u00f3 trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. Halogens th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1ee9a brom (BFR), dung m\u00f4i ch\u1ee9a clo v\u00e0 polyvinyl clorua (PVC). Halogens kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1edf m\u1ecdi d\u1ea1ng hay \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng PVC hay u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e1y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1t \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i kh\u00ed clo tho\u00e1t ra khi nh\u1ef1a b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi halogen trong thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a PCB. V\u1eady halogen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, PVC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong l\u1edbp c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh halogen. C\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i clo h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y ch\u1ee9a brom (BFR) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u00e9p l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a PCB \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00e1y n\u1ed5. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n halogen ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ea1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u00e0m g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ch\u00ec c\u1ee7a RoHS, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t linh ki\u1ec7n (CM) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0o do c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau ban h\u00e0nh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen\u201d c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ri\u00eang. IEC \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen\u201d l\u00e0 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clo v\u00e0 brom d\u01b0\u1edbi 900 ppm, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng halogen d\u01b0\u1edbi 1.500 ppm. RoHS c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u201ckh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen\u201d trong ngo\u1eb7c k\u00e9p? B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 PCB c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, IPC c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n halogen trong PCB, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n halogen li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft halogen c\u00f3 trong ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, n\u00ean b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Halogen-Free<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n halogen c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 TBBPA, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00e1y (BFR) th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u laminate. \u0110\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n halogen n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u laminate kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u laminate d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u1ed1t pho ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh. Ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a halogen v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch in (PCB), do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (CM) v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 thi cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch. PCB kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi quy tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ec. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00f4i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t tr\u1ee3 h\u00e0n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t h\u00e0n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn thay v\u00ec lan r\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1ed9t h\u00e0n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u k\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen \u0111ang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng n\u00ean trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t (CM) \u0111\u1ec3 xem h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PCB b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang ta d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 IEC \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen. H\u00e3y ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a halogen, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 BFR, dung m\u00f4i v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n thay th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a halogen. C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c halogen kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i halogen nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o tr\u00ean PCB c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Sau khi bi\u1ebft n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 CM \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi CM v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEC has set halogen-free standards for PCB makers, but what is a halogen-free PCB, really? 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